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101.
This paper compares and constrasts the American Society of Agricultural Engineers' methodology and results for estimating timeliness costs with that described by Boehlje and Eidman (1984). The former methodology gives much higher values for timeliness costs and, since it is based upon survey data for timeliness coefficients, is probably preferable for most applications.
Nous attenterons de comparer la méthodologie de l'American Society of Agricultural Engineers et les résultats obtenus dans leur estimation du coût d'opportunité des récoltes, avec la méthodologie employée par Boehlje et Eidman (1984). La première méthode donne des taux beaucoup plus élevés, et est probablement préférable à la plupart des applications. 相似文献
Nous attenterons de comparer la méthodologie de l'American Society of Agricultural Engineers et les résultats obtenus dans leur estimation du coût d'opportunité des récoltes, avec la méthodologie employée par Boehlje et Eidman (1984). La première méthode donne des taux beaucoup plus élevés, et est probablement préférable à la plupart des applications. 相似文献
102.
103.
Pesticides are an increasingly important input in crop production. In North America there has been a longstanding concern by farmers in close proximity to the Canada–U.S. border that either differences in access to compounds or price differentials adversely affect competitive positions. Past analysis of this issue has tended to assume a simple arbitrage process, if borders are opened, that leads to prices falling to the lower price. By contrast, we examine the possibility for systematic price discrimination by pesticide manufacturers. Under this model an open border may lead to price arbitrage, but not at the lower price. Further, we show that while aggregate social welfare gains from removing price discrimination are possible, they may be small. Further, component welfare changes to manufacturers and farmers in each country are large and conflicting, which suggests there will likely be opposition from some groups to more open borders. 相似文献
104.
Kim S. Cameron 《人力资源管理》1994,33(2):189-211
This article reports the results of a study of 30 organizations that engaged in downsizing over a four-year period. Three questions were investigated: (1) What general strategies are used by organizations to downsize? (2) What are the effects of downsizing on organizational performance? (3) What are downsizing's “best practices?” or, What are the differences between organizations that effectively downsize and those that do not? Three main strategies for downsizing are explained, the managerial actions to overcome the negative effects of downsizing are enumerated, and the best practices of successful downsizing firms are presented. 相似文献
105.
The United Kingdom has been carrying out a major exercise in the field of Technology Foresight, involving fifteen panels engaged in wide consultation about the future of their areas. The objectives of the Programme are to help set priorities for publicly funded science and technology and to create new working partnerships between science and industry. The paper describes the process by which members of the panels, and those whom they subsequently consulted, were identified. A survey-based technique known as co-nomination was employed, whereby respondents were asked to identify suitable participants and at the same time to profile their own expertise. The process was repeated with those nominated. The patterns of expertise thus revealed are themselves of interest and are used to construct a map of the inter-relationship between the fields covered by the panels. 相似文献
106.
Gavin Cameron 《Journal of Economic Growth》2005,10(4):387-408
The growth process for a technological leader is different from that of a follower. While followers can grow through imitation
and capital deepening, a leader must undertake original research. This suggests that as the gap between the leader and the
follower narrows, the follower must undertake more genuinely innovative R&D and possibly face a slower overall growth rate.
The results of a dynamic panel equilibrium-correction model of productivity growth suggest that the productivity gap with
the USA had a strong effect on the growth of Japanese manufacturing, and that changes in R&D intensity also made a significant
contribution. Moreover, the effect of the productivity gap was significantly higher in industries that had higher R&D intensities,
higher levels of human capital, and were more open to exports.
This paper is based upon Chapter 5 of my D.Phil. thesis at the University of Oxford. It was partly written while I was a Visiting
Scholar at the Foundation for Advanced Information & Research, Tokyo, and was supported by a Sanwa Bank Foundation Research
Fellowship and ESRC grants R000234954 and R000237500. 相似文献
107.
Samuel Cameron 《Economic Affairs》2002,22(3):15-20
Digital crime is an area where the application of the economics of crime is complex. In a nutshell, the essential economic problem of digi-crime is the impact of technological progress making transactions costs of enforcement potentially too high, partly because of the low costs of copyright infringement due to technological advance, for there to be substantial amounts of deterrence from punishment. 相似文献
108.
Virtuousness refers to the pursuit of the highest aspirations in the human condition. It is characterized by human impact,
moral goodness, and unconditional societal betterment. Several writers have recently argued that corporations, in addition
to being concerned with ethics, should also emphasize an ethos of virtuousness in corporate action. Virtuousness emphasizes
actions that go beyond the “do no harm” assumption embedded in most ethical codes of conduct. Instead, it emphasizes the highest
and best of the human condition. This research empirically examines the buffering and amplifying effects of virtuousness in
organizations. The study hypothesizes that virtuousness has a positive effect on organizations because amplifying dynamics
make subsequent virtuous action more likely, and buffering dynamics reduce the harmful effects of downsizing. The study reveals
that two types of virtuousness – tonic and phasic – are associated with these effects. 相似文献
109.
The Vietnamese privatization programme, launched in 1992, differs from the usual Western privatization programmes in terms of the residual percentage of shares owned by the state and the portion of shares owned by insiders. This begs the question whether these differences influence the effects of the programme on firm performance. This study measures the impact of privatization on firm performance in Vietnam by comparing the pre‐ and post‐privatization financial and operating performance of 121 former state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). We find significant increases in profitability, sales revenues, efficiency and employee income. Results of applying the ‘difference‐in‐difference’ (DID) method, wherein a control group of firms is used to pick up the influence of other determinants of firm performance, suggest that the performance improvements may indeed be associated with equitization. Regression analyses reveal that firm size, residual state ownership, corporate governance and stock market listing are key determinants of performance improvements. 相似文献
110.
Popular Support for Climate Change Mitigation: Evidence from a General Population Mail Survey 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using a sample of 1,651 US households, we explore some determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for climate change mitigation
programs. Our mail survey had a relatively low response rate, so we first use several additional data sources to build a detailed
sample selection model. This model uses features of the survey instrument, measures of geographic vulnerability to climate
change, seasonality, the political mix in the county, attributes of the address or addressee, and a set of factor scores from
an extensive factor analysis of all census tracts in the US. We estimate this model jointly with a model to explain climate
policy preferences as a function of the domestic and international distribution of policy costs as well as the climate change
impacts that each respondent believes will occur under a policy of business-as-usual. Despite statistically significant patterns
of nonresponse, selectivity effects are minimal in this case. WTP for climate change mitigation is greater when the domestic
incidence of mitigation costs is borne mostly through higher energy taxes. It is also greater when costs are understood to
be shared internationally with other groups of countries, rather than being borne mostly by a country group including the
US. People are generally more willing to pay for climate change mitigation if they believe that the harm caused by climate
change impacts will be substantial, rather than just moderate.
The assistance of former UCLA undergraduate students Ivka Adam, Tashi Ghale, Michelle Gogolewski, Vilija Gulbinas, and Lindy
Olsson was essential to survey development and administration. This paper is based upon work supported in part by the National
Science Foundation under Grant No. 9818875 to UCLA, with additional support from the Raymond F. Mikesell Foundation at the
University of Oregon. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of either the National Science Foundation or ICF International. 相似文献